The invention of the printing press
Position 1: Scholars argue that this democratisation of information directly catalysed the Protestant Reformation and the broader intellectual upheaval of the Renaissance.
Position 2: Prior to this innovation, manuscripts were copied laboriously by hand, making books rare and prohibitively expensive for most people.
Position 3: Consequently, literacy rates began to rise as affordable printed materials reached wider segments of the population.
Position 4: The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 fundamentally altered the dissemination of knowledge in Europe.
Position 5: Gutenberg's movable-type press reduced the cost and time required to produce a text by several orders of magnitude.
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