Vaccine-induced immunity depends on the adaptive

Position 1: Understanding the molecular signals that determine whether a cell becomes a memory cell or an effector cell is therefore central to the design of more durable vaccines.

Position 2: Upon initial exposure, B cells and T cells proliferate rapidly and differentiate into effector cells that neutralise the threat.

Position 3: When the same antigen is encountered again, these memory cells mount a response that is both faster and more vigorous than the primary reaction.

Position 4: Vaccine-induced immunity depends on the adaptive immune system's ability to form long-lived memory cells after first encountering a pathogen or its antigens.

Position 5: A subset of these cells subsequently becomes memory cells, which persist in the body for years or even decades after the infection has resolved.